现代大学的适应、变革与超越——基于欧美大学史的检视

On the Adaptation,Transformation and Transcendence of Modern Universities——Based on the University History of Europe and America

现代大学是在传统大学与社会环境之间的互动过程中形成的,大学使命的演变、功能的演进和治理结构的变革都与适应社会息息相关。现代大学因适应而"生",因适应而"变",因适应而"治",因适应而"殇"。"适应"是大学发展的基本逻辑,但绝不是全部逻辑或唯一逻辑,必须把"适应"放在复杂的时代背景和社会关系当中来理解。尽管大学应适应社会,但不能迷失自我,需要在依赖中求独立,在适应中求超越。任何时代的大学都需要对其使命与功能进行反思,大学越是向前发展、越是现代化,就越需要回顾过去、回到原点。只有在满足社会需求基础上谋求发展、适当超越的大学才是现代大学。

Modern universities are formed in the process of interaction between traditional universities and social environment, the evolution of universities＂ missions and functions and the transformation of their governance structures have a close relationship with the adaption to society. All the situations of the generation, change, governance and fading of modern universities resulted from their social adaption. Adaption is the basic logic of the development of universities, however, it is absolutely not the whole or the only logic ; therefore, we should understand the adaption of university in the sophisticated background of the times and social relations. Although universities should adapt themselves to the society, they should not lose themselves. On the contrary, they need to seek for independence in dependence and seek for transcendence in adaption. It＇s necessary for universities in any times to reflect their missions and functions. The more advanced and modernized universities are, the more we need to retrospect the past and back to the origin. The universities, which seek for development and transcendence appropriately on the basis of meeting the needs of society, are the modern universities.