2015年沧州市学龄期儿童超重和肥胖的流行现状及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among school-age children in Cangzhou City in 2015

目的研究影响沧州市学龄期儿童超重或肥胖发生的危险因素,为控制学龄期儿童超重或肥胖提供指导。方法2015年9月采用分层随机抽样法,按照辖区分别在城区和郊区各选择4所学校,将其中2~4年级的1 117名学龄期儿童纳入为研究对象,采用《小学生饮食行为生活习惯调查问卷》进行调查,研究不同性别、年级、地区儿童超重或肥胖比率,研究儿童营养知识、营养态度及生活习惯与超重或肥胖发生的相关性。结果超重或肥胖共计266例(23.81%),其中男孩共计172例(31.16%),女孩共计94例(16.64%),男孩显著高于女孩(χ2=32.46,P<0.05);城区儿童的超重、肥胖发生率显著高于郊区儿童(26.98%vs 19.30%,χ2=8.79,P<0.05);不同年级的超重、肥胖发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.75,P>0.05)。营养知识及营养态度评分项,体重正常儿童分别为(6.06±1.42)和(2.98±0.84),超重、肥胖儿童分别为(7.43±2.15)和(2.25±0.76),两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。超重、肥胖儿童的营养物质摄入量显著高于正常组儿童(P<0.05),且超重、肥胖儿童零食摄入频次(每天都吃和每隔1 d吃一次)显著高于正常组儿童(P<0.05)。超重、肥胖儿童平均每天运动时间少于1 h的占85.71%,显著高于正常组儿童(P<0.05),而82.84%正常组儿童平均每天运动时间大于1 h。正常组儿童上下学步行方式占56.76%,乘坐私家车占15.98%,超重、肥胖组儿童分别为14.66%和60.15%,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 2015年沧州市学龄期城区男孩容易发生超重或肥胖,加强营养知识教育及饮食、运动干预,对预防儿童超重或肥胖具有重要作用。

Objective To study the prevalence and risk factors of overweight and obesity among school-age children in Cang- zhou City so as to provide guidance for controlling school-age children ＇ s overweight and obesity. Methods In September 2015, a stratified random sampling method was used to select 1,117 school-age children from the second, third and fourth grades in 4 schools in urban districts and 4 schools in suburban districts, Cangzhou City, and all the children were enrolled in this study. Questionnaire about Elementary School Students＇ Dietary Behavior and Living Habits was used to survey the incidence rate of over- weight and obesity in children with different genders, grades and districts, and the correlation between overweight or obesity and nutrition knowledge, nutrition attitude, living habits was studied. Results Two hundred and sixty-six （23.81%） children were overweight or obesity, including 172 （ 31.16% ） boys and 94 （ 16.64% ） girls, and the incidence rate of overweight and obesity was significantly higher in boys than in girls （X2= 32.46, P〈0.05}. The incidence rate of overweight and obesity was significantly high- er in urban children than in suburban ones （26.98% vs. 19.30%, x2= 8. 79, P〈0.05 ）. No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence rate of overweight and obesity among children with different grades （X2= 0.75, P〉0.05）. The scores of nu- trition knowledge and nutrition attitude in normal weight children were （6.06±1.42） and （2.98±0.84） respectively, while those in overweight and obesity children were （7.43±2.15 ） and （2.25±0.76） respectively, and the differences were statistically significant （ both P〈0.05 ）. The amount of nutrient intake and the frequency of snack intake （ eating snacks every day and eating once every other day） in overweight and obesity children were significantly higher than those of normal weight children （ both P〈0.05）. Over- weight and obesity children with daily average exercise time less than 1 hour accounted for 85.71%, which was significantly higher than that of normal weight children （ P〈0.05 ）, while 82.84% of normal weight children spent more than an hour exercising every day. The proportions of going to school on foot and by private car in normal weight children were 56.76% and 15.98% respectively, while those in overweight and obesity children were 14.66% and 60.15% respectively, with statistically significant differences （ both P〈0.05 ）. Conclusions Urban school-age boys in Cangzhou City are prone to overweight and obesity. Strengthening thenutrition knowledge education as well as diet ＆ exercise interventions palys an important role in the prevention of overweight and o- besity among children.