产后血性恶露时间延长的相关性因素研究

Relevant factors of prolonged postpartum bloody lochia time

目的探讨产后血性恶露时间延长的影响因素。方法选取2014年7月-2015年6月在湖南省妇幼保健院分娩,并于产后42 d在产后保健科复诊的产妇482例,调查记录产妇的基本情况(年龄、文化程度、职业、分娩方式、喂养方式、产褥期饮食状况、睡眠及生活卫生行为状况、运动情况)以及血性恶露持续时间等资料,并对不同年龄、文化程度、职业状况、分娩方式、喂养方式、睡眠时间及运动情况、药物使用等产妇之间的血性恶露持续时间进行差异比较。结果年龄≥35岁血性恶露持续时间(24.4±1.3 d)明显大于25岁以下年龄段产妇(19.1±0.4 d),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与自然分娩(21.6±0.6 d)相比,剖宫产组(24.7±0.9 d)血性恶露持续时间延长;睡眠时间充足、饮食方式均衡、产后适当运动和接受产后康复治疗的产妇血性恶露持续时间缩短(P<0.05)。结论产后血性恶露时间受产妇年龄、分娩方式、睡眠时间、饮食、运动和产后康复治疗等多方面的影响,医生应该重视产后保健的指导。

Objective To explore the factors influencing prolonged postpartum bloody lochia time. Methods A total of 482 puerperas who delivered babies in Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province from July 2014 to June 2015 and re- ceived postpartum care at Department of Postpartum Healthcare on the 42nd day after delivery were enrolled into this study. The puerperas ＇ general information （ including maternal age, educational background, occupation, delivery mode, feeding pattern, pu- erperium dietary status, sleeping and life health behavior status, and exercise） and bloody lochia duration were investigated and re- cordedI and then the differences in bloody lochia duration among puerperas with different ages, educational background, occupa- tional condition, delivery mode, feeding pattern, sleeping time, exercise condition and medication were compared. Results The bloody lochia duration was significantly longer in puerperas aged 35 years and above than in ones aged 25 years and below （ （24.4± 1.3）d vs. （19.1±0.4） d） , and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The bloody loehia duration of the Ce- sarean section group was prolonged as compared with the natural delivery group （（21.6±0.6） d vs. （24.7±0.9）d）. The bloody lo- chia duration of puerperas with sufficient sleeping, balanced diet, adequate postpartum exercise and postpartum rehabilitation was shortened （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The postpartum bloody lochia duration is affected by puerperas age, delivery mode, sleeping time, diet, exercise, postpartum rehabilitation and other factors; and hence, obstetricians shall pay more attention to giv- ing instruction in postpartum rehabilitation.