内蒙古贫困农村学生营养知识和卫生行为改善效果评价

Evaluation on the effectiveness of nutrition konwledge and hygiene behavior improvement among needy rural students in Inner Mongolia

目的了解"农村义务教育学生营养改善计划"(以下简称"营养改善计划")的实施对内蒙古贫困农村学生营养健康状况改善的效果,分析存在的营养健康问题,为政府部门制定营养与健康相关政策提供信息基础。方法利用学生调查问卷,比较分析2012年和2015年内蒙古"营养改善计划"重点监测县-扎赉特旗学生营养知识和行为的相关情况。结果 2015年7个营养知识平均得分(6.9±0.5)显著高于2012年(3.0±1.6)(t=-74.283,P<0.01),2015年男生(6.9±0.6)高于女生(6.9±0.4),初中生(7.0±0.2)高于小学生(6.8±0.6)(t=1.46、3.79,均P<0.01);各知识点平均知晓率2015年(98.3%)高于2012年(42.2%)(χ~2=508.63,P<0.01),学生对"促进长个子的营养因素"的知晓率最低,"对健康的理解"的知晓率最高;营养知识来源途径较多的分别是课本、父母或家人和校园宣传或课堂教学,2015年均高于2012年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);卫生行为情况,2015年较2012年有明显改善。结论学生营养改善计划实施4年后,内蒙古贫困农村学生营养水平明显改善,今后要充分利用"课本、父母或家人、校园宣传或课堂教学",并且开发新媒体对学生进行营养知识和行为的宣传和教育,提高学生营养健康状况。

Objective To investigate the effect of Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students （ hereinafter referred to as NIPRCES ） on nutrition and health improvement of needy rural students in Inner Mongolia, to analyze the existing nutrition and health problems so as to provide a reference basis for the government to formulate nutrition- and health- related policies. Methods A survey was conducted by using the student questionnaire, and then the surveyed results of nutri- tion knowledge and behavior among students in Jalaid Banner, the key monitored county in Inner Mongolia in 2012 and 2015 were compared and analyzed. Result The average score of 7 items of nutrition knowledge in 2015 was significantly higher than that in 2012 （ （6.9±0.5） vs. （3.0±1.6}, t=74.283, P〈0.01）, the score in 2015 was higher in boys than in girls （ （6.9±0.6） vs. （6.9 ±0.4}, t= 1.46, P〈0.01） as well as higher in junior middle school students than in pupils （ （7.0±0.2} vs. （6.8±0.6）, t=3.79, P〈0.01 ）. The average awareness rate of all questions was higher in 2015 than in 2012 { 98.3% vs. 42.2%, X2 = 508.63, P〈0.01 ）. The awareness rate of nutrition factor concerning promoting height growth in the students was the lowest, while the awareness rate of health understand was the highest. The main sources of nutrition knowledge in 2012 and 2015 were textbook （ 66.5% vs. 90.7% ） , parents or family （63.1% vs. 90.9%） and campus publicity or nutrition course （60.1% vs. 89.5%） , with statistically significant differences （ all P〈0.01）. The hygiene behavior of the students in 2015 was significantly improved as compared with that in 2012. Conclusions Four years after implementing NIPRCES, the nutrition level of needy rural students in Inner Mongolia is im- proved significantly. It is necessary to take full advantage of nutritional education based on textbook, parents or family and campus publicity or nutrition course and develop new media to propagate nutrition knowledge and behavior so as to improve the students＇ nutritional health status.