椭圆轨道上目标监测绕飞轨道构型设计与构型保持

Configuration design and maintenance of flyaround trajectory for target monitoring in elliptical orbit

重点研究了对椭圆轨道上非合作目标进行长期绕飞监测的相对运动轨道构型设计与构型保持问题。利用轨道要素法建立了适用于目标轨道为椭圆轨道的相对运动模型,推导了以目标为中心的周期性绕飞运动的必要条件,考虑绕飞安全距离约束给出了满足目标监测要求的绕飞轨道设计方法,针对J2摄动和大气阻力摄动作用对绕飞轨道构型的影响,提出了绕飞轨道构型保持脉冲控制策略,建立了燃料最省构型保持非线性规划模型。仿真结果表明,所提出的构型设计方法简单有效,适用于对椭圆轨道上目标的绕飞相对运动分析,基于非线性规划方法的构型保持最优控制方法能够有效实现燃料最省绕飞轨道构型保持的高精度控制。

The configuration design and maintenance problem of flyaround trajectory for non-cooperative target monitoring in elliptical orbit is mainly studied. The relative motion equations applicable to the situation of elliptical reference orbit are set up by using orbital elements, the necessary condition of periodic flyaround motion centered the target is deduced. Considering the flyaround safety distance constraint, the design method of the flyaround trajectory is presented. Aiming at the influence of the earth oblateness J2 perturbation and atmospheric drag perturbation, the impulse control strategy for configuration keeping is proposed, and the nonlinear programing model is set up to solve the optimal-fuel configuration keeping problem. The simulation results show that the proposed method is very effective and suitable to analyze flyaround relative motion in elliptical orbit, and the optimal control method based on nonlinear programming is effective to realize high precision control for configuration keeping.