地方防务体系下的制度变迁思考--以民国四川荣县冬防制度与实践为例

On the Institutional Change in the Local Defense System——A Case Study of the Practice of Winter Defense System in Rongxian County,Sichuan of Republican China

南京国民政府统一全国后,颁行了一系列规制地方社会的制度。在看似制度体系渐成的背景下,地方社会经历着自上而下的制度冲击与具体实践的磨合。四川荣县在冬防严峻时期着手制定守望规则,其守望相助的微观实践展现出在现代国家建构过程中,制度无法抵进的地方社会仍需依靠地方力量予以支持,从而建立既符合地方传统又能被有效执行的地方防务体系。制度所代表的国家权力的下沉并非直线型,而是受地方固有习惯与传统的影响,形成曲折渐进之势。地方防务体系背后体现了国家制度与旧传统交融下的地方社会基于共同利益的现实选择。

After the establishment of the National Government in Nanjing, rules of the local socialtitution were promulgated. With the gradual formation of the institutional system, the local society wasperiencing the integration between the impact of the institution and the relevant practice. Taking Rongxianunty’s micro practice of their defensive measures for example, it is the final result of the interaction betweene construction of the modem state institution and the old tradition of the local society. The local society,ere the state institution can’ t reach, still needs the support from the local communities so as to form afense system that complies with the local tradition and can be carried out by the new institution. The statewer infiltration is not a straight line with the permeation of the inherent habits and traditions, but follows theute with many twists and turns. The local defense system reflects the common interests of the coordination ofoics based on the combination of the new institution and the old tradition of local society.