机会不平等如何作用于社会公平感——基于CGSS数据的实证分析

How does Opportunity Inequality Affect Social Justice——Empirical Analysis Based on CGSS Data

社会公平感是公民在价值判断基础上产生的情感体验,也是构建和谐社会的必然要求。本文结合2010年~2013年的中国综合社会调查(CGSS)数据以及相应年份的省级面板数据,在对我国省级层面机会不平等程度进行定量测度的基础之上,深入分析了机会不平等影响社会公平感的作用机制,并对其进行实证检验。结果表明:第一,机会不平等程度的上升会显著降低社会公平感,而努力不平等对社会公平感的影响则不显著,这说明,在中国独特的制度和文化背景下,责任原则在社会公平感中依然发挥着主导作用;第二,相对而言,随着机会不平等程度的上升,家庭背景较差的群体能够感受到更强烈的社会不公平感;第三,在家庭背景条件较差的群体当中,当前社会地位或收入水平较高的子群体对机会不平等的不公平感知更加强烈。

The sense of social justice is the emotional experience of citizens on the basis of value judgment and the requirement of building a harmonious society.Combining China's Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS) data of 2010 ~ 2013 and the corresponding year's provincial panel data,on the basis of the quantitative measure of the opportunity inequality of provincial level in China,this paper deeply analyzes the mechanism of the opportunity inequality affecting social fairness,and conducts an empirical test.The results show that:first,the increase in the degree of opportunity inequality will significantly reduce the sense of social justice,while the impact of effort inequality is not significant; second,relatively speaking,with the rising of the opportunity inequality,the group with poorer family background can feel more intense social injustice; lastly,compared to those with poorer family background but lower current income,people with poorer family background but higher current income are more sensitive to the unfair perception of opportunity inequality.