10种杀菌剂对中华蜜蜂的急性毒性测定及风险评估

Acute toxicity and hazard assessment of 10 fungicides on Apis cerana cerana

明确80%代森锰锌可湿性粉剂、50%啶酰菌胺水分散型粒剂、50%腐霉利可湿性粉剂、50%烯酰吗啉可湿性粉剂、100 g/L氰霜唑悬浮剂、20%叶枯唑可湿性粉剂、2%春雷毒素水剂、12.50%腈菌唑乳油、25%丙环唑乳油和15%咪鲜胺微乳剂等10种杀菌剂对中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana工蜂的急性毒性,并评价其对中华蜜蜂工蜂的风险性。在室内采用摄入法和点滴法测定10种杀菌剂对中华蜜蜂工蜂的急性经口和接触毒性。结果表明代森锰锌,啶酰菌胺,腐霉利等7种杀菌剂对中华蜜蜂的急性毒性均为低毒;腈菌唑和丙环唑对中华蜜蜂的急性经口毒性和急性接触毒性均为中毒,咪鲜胺对中华蜜蜂的急性经口毒性为高毒,急性接触毒性为中毒;这3种杀菌剂且均属于中等风险性。建议禁止咪鲜胺在蜜源作物开花授粉期施用,慎重选择中等毒性杀菌剂腈菌唑和丙环唑,尽量选择对蜜蜂低毒的杀菌剂,以保护中华蜜蜂的安全。

The experiments were carried out to determine the acute toxicity of 10 fungicides, namely mancozeb 800 WP, boscalid 500 WG, procymidone 500 WP, dimethomorph 500 WP, cyazofamid 100 g/L SC, bismerthiazol 200 WP, kasumin 20 AS, myclobutanil 125 EC,propiconazole 250 EC, prochloraz 150 ME, on Apis cerana cerana workers. The acute oral and contact toxicities of 10 fungicides on A. cerana cerana were conducted by food intake method and drop method in laboratory. The results of virulence evaluation indicated that the acute toxicity of 7 kinds of fungicides, namely mancozeb, boscalid,procymidone, etc, on honey bees were low. The oral and contact toxicity of myclobutanil and propiconazole on honey bees were medium, the oral toxicity of prochloraz was high toxic and the contact toxicity was medium. The risk assessment results showed that these 3 fungicides were medium risk for A. cerana cerana. It is suggested that prochloraz should be forbidden to be applied on honey crops during the pollination period. Myclobutanil and propiconazole with medium toxicity should be cautiously used. In order to protect the safety of A. cerana cerana, fungicides with low toxicity on honey bees should be chosed as far as possible.