康德哲学视域下亚里士多德的不能自制问题

A Study of Aristotle's “Out of Self-control” in the View of Kant's Philosophy

亚里士多德从知识论的角度分析不能自制的现象,认为不能自制者缺乏"最终的小前提",不能得出理性的结论。他的分析无法解释严格意义上的不能自制以及不能自制者的心理冲突,引起很多争议。从康德的视角出发,不能自制者是在知道正确的选择的情况下,把感性欲望当做自己准则的规定根据。这种视角在亚里士多德那里隐而不显,开启了德性伦理学与义务论对话的新的可能性。

Aristotle analyzes the situation of 'out of self-control'and believes that people losing self-control can not obtain the reasonable conclusion because of lacking of 'the final minor premise'. Many controversies arise over his analyses for not explaining the situation of losing self-control or mental conflicts of those people. From the point of Kant,the person out of self-control regards desire as the determining ground for his principle,fully acknowledged of the right choice. This is an application of freedom,which opens new possibility dialogues between Virtue ethics and Deontology.