清末民初湖北官钱局向日本订印钞票述论

On the Order of Printing Banknote from Hubei Official Monetary Bureau to Japan in the Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

张之洞就任湖广总督之后,设立湖北官钱局并发行官票,以推动货币改革。但由于国内印刷技术落后,伪造官票情况严重,张之洞遂向日本印刷局请求印刷钞票,首次订印成功后又多次续订,并取得了较好的成效。辛亥之后湖北地方财政拮据,官钱局大量发行官票导致通货膨胀。吴佩孚主政湖北时再次向日商订印钞票,但其计划曝光之后,遭到中央政府和地方民众的强烈反对,日本政府为了缓和中日关系,限制吴佩孚发展,也要求中止印刷契约,最后湖北政府不得不取消钞票印刷契约。钞票印刷事件的日趋政治化,反映出了不同历史环境下中央政府与地方政府、政府与民众,中国与日本之间关系的发展变化。

Hubei Official Monetary Bureau was established when Zhang Zhi-dong became the governor of Hubei and Hunan Province. To promote the reformation of currency,it issued banknotes. However,the backward technology of printing exacerbated the condition of counterfeiting banknote. Zhang ordered the banknote that was printed by Japanese Printing Office for many times,and the printed money has got some achievement. After the Revolution of 1911,Hubei province was faced with financial embarrassment. Hubei Official Monetary Bureau has issued a large number of banknotes,which lead to inflation. Wu Peifu,when he was the governor of the province,also ordered banknote from Japanese merchants. But this plan was opposed by central government and local people. In order to relax the tense relationship between China and Japan meanwhile limit the power of Wu Pei-fu,Japanese government also commanded the involved company to suspend the contract. At last,the government of Hubei province had to cancel the contract of printing banknote. The politicization of printing banknote reflected the interaction and change of relationship among central government and local government,government and people,China and Japan in different historical environment