试析冷战背景下的葡萄牙康乃馨革命

Research on the Carnation Revolution of Portugal under the Cold War

20世纪70年代,葡萄牙爆发了反对专制独裁的民主化革命。此时美苏之间的缓和仍然在进行,在部分问题上达成了妥协,但是双方根本理念的差异以及苏攻美守格局的逐步形成,导致缓和外交难以为继。在这一背景下,葡萄牙所具有的战略意义使得美苏纷纷以不同的方式介入其中,从而导致革命后的葡萄牙成为了双方较量的又一战场,并最终以美国的胜利而告终。美苏围绕葡萄牙革命进行的对抗进一步暴露了缓和的内在缺陷,增加了双方已有的分歧,影响了缓和的继续推行。

In the 1970 s,a democratic revolution which against dictatorship had broken out in Portugal. The detente between the U. S. and the Soviet Union had been still in progress,and had reached a comprise on some issues. But the fundamental differences between the two sides and the gradually formed pattern which Soviet Union attacked and America defended lead to detente unsustainable. In this context,the U. S. and the Soviet Union had been involved in different ways,which lead Portugal to become another battlefield between the two sides,and eventually ended in the victory of U. S. The confrontation around the Portuguese revolution further exposed the inherent weakness of the detente,increased the existing differences and affected the continuation of the detente.