宁夏澳洲青苹光温生产潜力的计算与分析

Calculation and analysis of light and temperature potential productivity of Malus domestica 'Granny Smith'

苹果Malus domestica生产潜力的主要影响因素为温度和光照。为计算宁夏高酸苹果光温生产潜力,利用全区各地1980-2015年的气象资料及近4 a高酸苹果中晚熟品种‘澳洲青苹’Malus domestica‘Granny Smith’的发育期观测资料,采用光照、温度逐级订正的方法,分不同发育期(发芽期-幼果期和幼果期-成熟期)计算得出宁夏全区各地高酸苹果光合生产潜力及光温生产潜力。结果显示:宁夏高酸苹果光合生产潜力为114.0~146.9 t·hm-2,与太阳光合有效辐射空间分布趋势一致;光温生产潜力为68.8~142.9 t·hm^(-2)。与鲜食苹果对比,高酸苹果光合生产潜力偏低15.4%~18.4%,而光温生产潜力比鲜食苹果高10.9%~30.1%,因此,温度对鲜食苹果的限制作用大于对高酸苹果。另外,高酸苹果生产潜力空间分布可分为灌区各地及中部干旱带东北部、中部干旱带其他地区至海原以北、海原以南3个地区,基本与宁夏自然地理分区一致。

The main factors for productivity of highly acidic apples have shown to be temperature and illumination. To calculate light and temperature potential productivity of Ningxia highly acidic apples, making a contribution to increase actual yield, meteorological data（1980-2015） from the surrounding region and observational data of a late-maturing cultivar of nearly four-year-old ‘Granny Smith＇ apples were used. Illumination and temperature were revised step by step. The productivity of highly acidic apples was accumulated at different developmental stages（germination period to young fruit period and young fruit period to mature fruit period） in the Ningxia region（AHP）. Results showed that the photosynthetic potential production of highly acidic apples was 114.0-146.9 t·hm-2, which was consistent with the distribution of solar photosynthetically active radiation.Light and temperature potential productivity was 68.8-142.9 t·hm-2. Compared with fresh apples, photosynthetic potential production of ‘Granny Smith＇ apples was 15.4%-18.4% lower with light and temperature potential productivity being 10.9%-30.1% higher than fresh apples. Also, the restrictive action of temperature on fresh apples was greater than on the highly acidic apples. In addition, the spatial distribution of potential productivity for highly acidic apples was consistent with natural geographical subdivisions in Ningxia and was divided into three areas： 1） north areas of Ningxia, 2） central arid zones of Ningxia, and 3） south areas of Ningxia.