民族政策与我国跨界民族的国家认同和民族认同——以中国朝鲜族为例

National Policy and National Identity of Cross-Border Ethnic Groups in China——A Case Study of Korean Nationality in China

构建我国跨界民族(1)的"国家认同"和"民族认同"(2)是民族国家时代的必然要求。中国朝鲜族作为典型的跨界民族,在中国国家认同和中华民族共同体认同上具有鲜明的特色,表现为对朝鲜半岛的国家认同浓厚,其族群认同以对朝鲜民族的认同为内核,其国家认同与中华民族共同体认同是与中国的国家和民族双向选择的结果。民族政策是构建跨界民族中国国家认同和中华民族共同体认同的必要手段。中国朝鲜族在迁入中国和融入中国社会的过程中,围绕着朝鲜族移民的国籍问题、土地权问题、文化问题和革命问题,中国统治者出台了多种民族政策,这些政策影响着朝鲜族的中国国家认同和中华民族共同体认同。当前,为了增强跨界民族的国家认同和民族认同,民族政策要在跨界民族的身份认同、政治认同和经济发展、文化进步等方面多做贡献。

Currently, factions are arguing the concept of cross-border ethnic groups. But most of researchers referred cross-border ethnic groups to the same nation in neighboring countries in the past 30 years. In this paper, the term of ＂cross-border nationality＂ is also referred to ＂the same nation＂ on both sides of the national boundaries. In the article of ＂Ethnic Identity and National Identity of Cross Border Ethnic Groups--A Case Study of the Zhuang Nationality in the Border Area of China and Vietnam＂, Liang Maochun distinguished ＂national identity＂ from ＂ethnic identity＂ and advocated that the two concepts were complex connotation between them. In this paper, the ＂national identity＂ of cross-border ethnic groups refers to the national identity of China, and ＂national identity＂ refers to the identity of the Chinese nation. As a typical cross-border ethnic groups, the ethnic identity of them is based on the identity of the Korean nation. And the national identity and the identity of the Chinese community is the result of the two way choice between China and the country. Because national policy is the necessary means to build the national identity of the cross-border ethnic groups and the identity of the Chinese nation, it should be made more contribution to the identity of cross-border ethnic groups, political identity and economic development, cultural progress to enhance the national identity and ethnic identity of cross-border ethnic groups.