论民法的裁判法、权利法品格与我国民法典编纂的语言表达取向

Essay on the Nature of Civil Law and the Wording of Codifying Civil Law of China

民法作为私法,具有裁判法及权利法品格,与刑法主要作为行为法不同。民法规范不在于要求当事人按照立法者的意旨而行为,而在于为民事活动提供裁判规则,民事不存在纠纷时,民法规范只是潜在地配置民事活动中当事人的权利义务。我国民法典编纂,语言表达应坚持裁判法及权利法取向——民法典语言表达为求精准裁判,应该专业化,而不是为求大众理解而通俗化或自然语言化,民法典编纂应去除现行民商事法律中不具可司法性(可诉性)的宣示性、倡导性条款及重复的公法规范,采取"赋权"而不是"赋予义务"的权利法取向的表达方式,从而与请求权基础的思维方法相契合,让不同性质的法律各司其职,从而利于"找法"和法律适用。

As private law,civil law has the character of the law of right and the law for lawyers and judges.The civil law does not require people to act or behave in accordance with the will of the legislator,but to provide the rules for civil activities to lawyers and judges to follow when dispute arises.If no dispute exists,the civil law rules just distribute potential rights and liabilities to the parties involved.For China codifying its civil law,the wording and expression should follow the nature of civil law—it is the law of right and the law for lawyers and judges,and the wording and expression should be of right orientation,accurate and professional but not as natural language for the sake of public understanding and popularization.During codifying the civil law of china,those declarative articles or repeated public-lawnature articles should be removed,so as to fit with the method of basis of claim in civil litigation,to benefit finding the law and law application.