论民事立法对民事习惯的复杂认可

On the Complicated Cognition of Civil Law Legislation towards Civil Customs

对民事习惯的认可在民法典编纂中具有重要意义,需要从规范层面更加具体而审慎地分析。民事习惯的实践是复杂的,可分为三种:涉及民事主体个人利益的民事习惯、涉及自治团体利益的民事习惯以及涉及社会公共利益的民事习惯。对这三种状态的民事习惯应采取不同的认可模式。根据民法理论,对民事习惯的认可在规范上分别表现为补充性的任意性规范、解释性的任意性规范和强制性规范三种形式。而在规范语词的选择上,三种规范都应采用"应当"一词。对民事习惯的认可并不意味着对其放任,这需要禁止性规范来对其限制。

Cognition of civil customs is very significant in the compilation of civil law code and should be analyzed from regulatory level specifically. The practice of civil customs is very complicated and can be classified into three types： civil custom involving interest of civil subject, that involving interest of autonomous organization and that of social public benefit. Different cognitive patterns should be adopted of the three. According to theory of civil law, cognition of civil habits embody in complementary random regulation, explicative random regulation and compulsory regulation. In choice of regulative word, ＂should＂ is the right one for the three, the cognition of civil habit does not mean lack of control but should be restricted by banning regulation.