论我国夫妻债务推定规则

Study on Presumption Rules of Marital Debts

婚姻虽然将男女组合成紧密的生活共同体,但是对外活动中仍然多以个人的身份进行,尤其是在设立债权债务关系时。目前,我国《婚姻法》及相关司法解释认定夫妻债务性质的标准不统一,导致同案不同判的现象频发,尤其是《婚姻法解释(二)》第24条确定的共同债务推定论,更是引起了理论及实务界的质疑。有鉴于此,结合其他国家和地区的立法经验,加设日常家事代理制度并以此作为夫妻债务性质认定的标准,在此范围内的债务认定为夫妻共同债务,超越此范围设立的债务认定为个人债务。同时,因为日常家事的范围并不特定,为了保证债权的顺利实现,还应当强调债权人的审慎注意义务,否则因而导致的债权实现的障碍由债权人承担。

Although marriage makes couple together tightly, wife and husband take Part in activity alone in most time, especially setting up relationship with creditors or debtors. For now, the Marriage Law and Judicial Interpretations do not follow the same rules on the recognition of marital debts, which causes the same details of case with different judgment. The supreme People＇ s court on some issues of applicable law explanation （2） article 24 establishes the Presumption of marital debts, which results in even worse situation. Therefore, we should set up housekeeping-agent system to judge the nature of marital debts, within the range it is the common obligation, out the personal debts. Meantime, we should emphasize the duty of care on the creditor who would take responsibility if failing observing it.