“抒情”的颠覆与重构——梁启超、王国维向中国文学抒情传统的回归

The Subversion and Reconstruction of “Lyrics”——LIANG Qi-chao and WANG Guo-wei's Returnto the Lyrical Tradition of Chinese Literature

在二十世纪初的时代大潮中,梁启超和王国维颠倒中国传统文学观中褒扬抒情类型的文学,而轻视小说、戏曲等叙事文学的倾向,将后者置于前者之上。究其原因,两人的认同向以叙事文学为主体的西方文学及观念的倾斜是一个重要因素。但中国文学的抒情传统所形成的影响仍挥之不去,两人在抬高叙事文学的同时,对于抒情诗词仍予以持续关注,且这一抒情情结也形塑着他们对于叙事文学的审美理想。两人其后都对自己的认识偏颇和矫枉过正进行了反省,对传统文学观的局限和西方现代性的偏误进行双重超越,打破了叙事文学与抒情文学的二元对立,并在向中国文学抒情传统的回归中对其予以重新阐释。

In the early 20th century, LIANG Qi-chao and WANG Guo-wei＇ s subvert the Chinese literary tradition and tendency that praise lyrical literature but belittle novels, operas and other kinds of narrative litera-ture, placing narrative literature on a superior place. Their agreement upon western literary tradition and con- cept featuring narrative literature is the major reason for their actions. However, the lyrical literature still has a great influence on Chinese literary tradition. For this reason, LIANG Qi-chao and WANG Guo-wei＇ s have continuous concern about lyrical poems while developing narrative literature, in the meantime, this lyrical complex also shapes their aesthetic ideal for narrative literature. Both of them have deep introspection on their biases and hypercorrection, and furthermore, they surpass the restrictions of traditional literature and biased errors of western modernity, eliminate the opposition between lyrical literature, narrative literature and give a new interpretation of them in the return to the lyrical tradition of Chinese literature.