基于Climate Consultant的拉萨传统民居气候适应性分析

Climatic Adaptation Analysis of Vernacular Houses of Lhasa by Climate Consultant

建筑师在构思方案时对气候往往是基于模糊的经验判断,对于全年动态的天气变化缺乏科学的认知,气候分析软件就成为快速了解某地气候特征的有力工具。本文通过Climate Consultant软件对拉萨气象数据进行分析,提出适宜当地的被动式建筑策略,并依据建筑气候学原理,对拉萨传统民居在气候适应性方面的优势及不足做出评判,得到了当地民居为应对特殊的气候条件,在建筑形体、空间布局、建筑材料、生活方式等方面形成良好适应性的结论,同时也指出了强烈太阳辐射带来的光、热之间的矛盾是降低民居被动式太阳能利用效率的重要原因。

When architects design plans of houses, they often estimate the local climate by vague experiences and have little scientific conception of annual weather change. Therefore, analytic software could be a strong tool that helps them understand quickly the local climate of a particular location. The climate data of Lhasa was analyzed by the software Climate Consultant. Appropriate passive building strategies were put forward. Climatic adaptation and inadaptation of vernacular houses of Lhasa were evaluated according to the principles of Bioclimatie Architecture. It is concluded that vernacular houses of Lhasa forms good adaptation to the special climate in building configuration, spatial layout, building materials and life styles, while strong solar radiation brings conflicts between luminous effect and thermal effect which lowers efficiency of passive solar use as a significant factor.