山西南部设施蔬菜施肥及土壤氮磷累积现状调查分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Current Status of Fertilization and Soil Nitrogen and Phosphorus Accumulation in Greenhouse Vegetable in Southern of Shanxi

为了科学指导农民施肥,促进山西设施蔬菜的可持续发展,采用野外调查采样及室内分析的方法对山西南部地区设施蔬菜施肥及土壤中肥料的累积状况进行了研究。结果表明,设施蔬菜施N量为1 500~3 200 kg/hm^2;施P_2O_5量为500~1 800 kg/hm^2;施K_2O量为900~2 700 kg/hm^2,较前几年有所下降,但仍然存在施肥量过大的问题。其中,长子县施肥量最大,N,P_2O_5,K_2O施用量分别是推荐施用量的3.78倍、17.37倍和3.14倍;夏县的N,P_2O_5,K_2O施用量最小,分别是推荐施用量的1.84倍、5.18倍和1.08倍;同时存在养分比例不均衡的问题,农民施用N,P,K比例约为(1.7~3.0)∶1.0∶(1.4~1.8),仍然存在P肥施用过量的问题;土壤中不同土层NO_3^--N含量明显高于露地菜田,K_2O的含量与之前调查结果相比有所上升。科学指导农民设施蔬菜生产、合理施肥仍是需要长期关注的问题。

To scientifically guide farmers to fertilization, and promote the sustainable development of greenhouse vegetables, an investigation and lab analysis were conducted to study the current status of fertilization and soil nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of greenhouse vegetables fields in southern of Shanxi. The results showed that the amount of N, P2O5 and K2O application were 1 500-3 200,500-1 800, 900-2 700 kg/hm^2, respectively, showing a decline than in previous years. The most fertilizers were applied in Zhangzi county, the amount of applied N, P2O5 and K2O were 3.78 times, 17.37 times and 3.14 times of the recommended application,respectively, showing a sharp contrast to that of 1.84 times, 5.18 times and 1.08 times in Xiaxian county. The ratio of applied N, P2O5 and K2O by farmers was（1.7-3.0）∶1∶（1.4-1.8）, suggesting an unbalanced fertilization ratio. The NO3～--N contents in different soil layers were far higher than that of open vegetable fields. The content of K2O increased compared with the previous research results. Scientific guidance for rational fertilization of farmers is still a long-term concern.