论明代南京乡试对南京旅店、娱乐、图书业的影响

The Impacts of Provincial Examinations in Nanjing on Hotels,Entertainment and Book Business in Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty

明代南京乡试总应试人数至少应为112328余人,平均每科应试人数至少应为3209余人,再加应试者所雇随从,每科南京乡试带来的流动人口自然十分庞大。这些人口以三年为循环周期,不断为南京旅店、娱乐、图书业带去大量消费和商机,对明代南京经济的发展、兴盛与繁荣有广泛而深刻的影响,而这又反过来为士子的备考和乡试的顺利开展提供了良好的物质保障。二者相互依存,相互作用,在彼此互动中,得以不断发展。

The participants of provincial examinations in Nanjing in the Ming Dynasty totally amount to at least 112, 328 people and the average number of examinees for each subject is at least more than 3209. Thus, the provincial examinations brought a very large floating population along with their employed ser- vants. The large population created a host of consumption and commercial opportunities for hotels, entertain- ment and book business in Nanjing within a three-year cycle, exerting broad and deep influence on Nanjing＇ s economic development and prosperity, which, in turn, provides a good material guarantee for candidates＇ preparation for the exams and the smooth process of the provincial examinations. Both depend on and inter- act with each other, and develop in their interaction.