挤压工艺参数对拐角长悬臂空心铝型材出口截面流速和温度分布的影响

Influence of extrusion technological parameters on the velocity and temperature distributions at the exit of hollow aluminum profile with corner and long cantilever

以拐角长悬臂空心铝型材为例,使用Hyper Xtrude分析软件对其挤压过程进行数值模拟,设计正交试验研究了挤压速度、棒料预热温度、挤压筒预热温度、模具预热温度、棒料直径、棒料长度等工艺参数对型材出口截面流速均方差(SDV)和温度均方差(SDT)的影响规律。结果表明:通过极差分析及再次模拟确定最优方案为:挤压速度1 mm·s^(-1),棒料预热温度440℃,挤压筒预热温度420℃,模具预热温度400℃,棒料直径Φ150 mm,棒料长度450 mm,对应的SDV与SDT分别仅为1.3680和1.9130,保证挤出型材获得高的综合质量。通过方差分析得到挤压速度对SDV的影响度及棒料预热温度对SDT的影响度分别高达67.50%和76.41%,定量地表明挤压速度和棒料预热温度分别是影响型材外观质量和内部组织的最主要工艺参数。工厂挤压出的合格产品验证了最优方案的可靠性。

For the hollow aluminum profile with corner and long cantilever, the extrusion process was simulated by analysis software HyperXtrude, and the influences of technological parameters such as extrusion speed, billet preheating temperature, container preheating temperature, die preheating temperature, billet diameter, billet length etc. on the standard speed deviation （SDV） and the standard temperature deviation （SDT） at the exit section of the profle were researched by the orthogonal test. The results indicate that the optimal scheme are obtained with extrusion speed of 1 mm·s ^- 1, billet preheating temperature of 440 22, container preheating temperature of 420 22, die preheating temperature of 400 22, billet diameter of Ф150 mm, billet length of 450 ram, and the corresponding SDV of 1.3680 and SDT of 1.9130 by analyzing range and simulating again to ensure to get the extrusive profile with high comprehensive quality. Then, the influences of extrusion speed on SDV and billet preheating temperature on SDT are as high as 67. 50% and 76. 41% respectively by analyzing variance, and it is shown quantitatively that extrusion speed and billet preheating temperature are the main process parameters effecting the appearance quality and the internal organization of profile respectively. At last, the qualified products are extruded at factory, and the reliability of the optimal scheme is verified.