谷壳栽培食用菌研究综述

Research Summary on Edible Fungi Cultivation with Rice Chaff as Main Component

谷壳是稻谷加工过程中的副产品,来源广、价格低,且富含碳素营养,适合栽培多种食用菌。综述了谷壳栽培食用菌的研究进展,例举了以谷壳为主料的金针菇栽培配方18个,平菇栽培配方7个,毛木耳栽培配方6个,大球盖菇栽培配方6个,其他食用菌栽培配方12个。在棉籽壳等传统栽培料的配方中加入适量的谷壳可以提高金针菇的生物学效率,提升出菇质量。平菇、毛木耳、凤尾菇等食用菌栽培料配方中加入谷壳一般会降低其生物学效率,但菌丝生长更快,出菇率和产量良好,能在一定程度上提高生产效率;并且,谷壳性价比高,可增加经济效益。总体来说,谷壳栽培食用菌研究涉及的食用菌种类较少,且谷壳的前期处理研究也未见系统报道。

Chaff as a by-product of rice is rich in resources with wide application. The research progress on edible fungus culti- vated by chaff is reviewed in this paper. Eighteen formula of cultivation media with chaff as main component for Flammulina ve- lutipes, 7 for Pleurotus ostreatus, 6 for A uricularia polytricha, 6 for Stropharia rugosoannulata, 12 for other edible fungi were list- ed in this paper. Compard with the traditional cultivation formula, moderate rice chaff can improve the biological efficiency and increase the quality of fruiting of Flommulina velutipes. Generally, adding rice chaff will reduce the biological efficiency of P. ostreatus, A. polytricha. However, rice chaff can promote the growth of the mycelia and fruiting rate. In addition, rice chaff is cheaper than most other substrate, therefore, adding rice chaff to the cultivation media will increase the economic benefits. Ac- cording to the review, a few species of edible fungi have been tested for growing on rice chaff, and no systematic researches on the pretreatments of rice chaff have been reported.