非物质文化遗产私权保护的必要性及其范围

Necessity and Extent of Private Rights Protection for Intangible Cultural Heritage

非物质文化遗产的私权保护不可替代,私权所具有的激励功能和私权保护的成本收益分析,为非物质文化遗产的保护提供了激励和动力。由于非物质文化遗产属于已经进入公有领域的人类共同的文化财产,公共的文化属性决定了非物质文化遗产的私权保护具有限制性。通过文化认同实现在全社会的传承是非物质文化遗产保护的目的,私权保护仅是必要的手段。非物质文化遗产私权内容应限制在创造者、使用者和传播者利益平衡的范围内,其精神权利包括署名权和不当使用禁止权,而不包括正当使用的许可权;经济权利为在他人商业开发利用并获得经济利益时的惠益分享权。

Private rights of intangible cultural heritage protection can not be replaced, since the incentive function of private rights is a costly beneficial analysis and protection of private rights, for the protection of the intangible cultural heritage provides incentive and motivation. Due to the intangi- ble cultural heritage being already in the public domain of humanity＇s common cultural property, the culture of the public attribute determines that the protection of private rights for intangible cultural heritage has been restricted by cultural identity in the heritage of the whole society＇s intangible cul- tural heritage protection. The purpose of private right protection is only part of the necessary means. Intangible cultural heritage content of private rights should be limited in the creators, users and disseminators, within the scope of the interests balance of their spiritual rights including the right of au- thorship and improper use right to ban, and not include fair use permission. Economic rights for com- mercial development and utilization in others can obtain economic benefits.