重载列车纵向冲动动力学分析及试验研究

Analysis and Test of Heavy Haul Train Longitudinal Impulse Dynamics

构建基于货车冲击试验数据的缓冲器修正模型模拟缓冲器动力学特性,该模型包含附加阻尼和黏滞摩擦;建立列车空气制动系统多参数数学简化模型表征重载列车空气制动特性;建立以缓冲器动力学模型及空气制动系统模型为基础的列车纵向冲动动力学模型,分析重载组合列车在不同线路条件和制动作用下的纵向动力学行为。结果表明:缓冲器动力学修正模型能较为真实地反映出冲击试验中缓冲器的磁滞特性、尖峰现象及过渡曲线的平稳连接;列车空气制动系统模型能够仿真获得与试验结果相近的制动缸充气特性曲线;采用列车纵向冲动动力学模型仿真获得的大秦线重载组合列车纵向车钩力分布与列车试验值相符。

The piecewise linear model of friction draft gear is modified by the additional sticking friction force and the additional damping force based on vehicle impact data; train air brake characteristic multi-parameter mathematic method is used to study heavy haul train brake characteristic; on the basis of draft gear dynamic modification model and air brake multi-parameter mathematic method, the heavy haul train longitudinal impulse dynamics of different line conditions and brake operation is analyzed. The results show that the draft gear piecewise linear dynamic modification model can actually reflect the hysteresis characteristic of draft gear, nonlinear peak and smooth transition between loading curve and unloading curve; the results of air brake multi-parameter mathematic method agrees well with the test in the emergency and service braking operation; longitudinal train dynamic model can simulate Daqin heavy haul train longitudinal impulse problems, which agrees well with the test of train running.