基于动态峰值力的客车骨架轻量化研究

Study on lightweight of bus frame based on dynamic peak force

针对客车车身骨架基于静态荷载设计优化的不足,提出了基于动态峰值力设计优化客车骨架的方法。该方法是建立车辆多体动力学模型和路面模型,仿真计算骨架的动态峰值力,基于该动态峰值力进行骨架有限元分析以及设计优化。以某款客车为例,基于动态峰值力对客车骨架进行设计优化,质量减轻8.84%。骨架优化后强度和刚度满足要求。结果表明骨架基于动态峰值力设计优化的方法是可靠的。该方法可直接应用于任何车辆、任何工况下的结构设计优化,无须具体考虑各工况条件动载系数的试验研究问题,缩短了设计时间,节省了研发费用。

Aiming at the deficiency of the bus frame design optimization based on the static fore, the design optimization of the bus frame based on dynamic peak force is proposed. The dynamic model of the vehicle and the road model were established in this method, and the dynamic peak force of the frame was calculated. The finite element analysis and design optimization model of the frame were established based on dynamic peak force. One bus was taken as an example, the quality of the frame is reduced by 8.84% percentage through the method of the bus frame design optimization based on dynamic peak force. The strength and stiffness of the frame after optimization meet the requirements. The results show that the method of the bus frame design optimization based on dynamic peak force is reliable. It can be directly applied to any vehicle and structure design optimization under any condition without specific consideration dynamic load coefficient of the experimental research under different working conditions. It also shorten the design time and save the development costs.