全国特色景观旅游名镇名村空间分布及发展模式

The Spatial Distribution and Development Pattern of Tourism Towns and Villages with Characteristic Landscape

旅游发展导向型村镇成为当前新型城镇化发展重要途径,建设特色旅游小城镇是中国未来旅游业和城镇化发展的重要内容。以住建部公布全国553个特色景观旅游名镇名村为例,探索特色景观旅游名镇名村总体分布特征与成因,发现其分布与市场、景区、交通和人口等有密切联系。基于此,文章根据旅游村镇资源条件、区位特征和经济背景等因素,结合典型案例,提出市场拉动型、景区依托型、交通推动型和人口驱动型4种旅游发展模式,通过优化旅游村镇格局,为中国其他旅游村镇走"特色型村镇"道路提供借鉴,为新型城镇化服务。

Tourism-oriented development of villages serves as a crucial mode of current new urbanization in China. The construction of characteristic towns is an important component of future tourism industry and urbanization. The current researches of tourism urbanization mainly focus on the drive mechanism and the influence at home and abroad. On the one hand, propose drive force and development mechanism of tourism urbanization from the perspective of capital, population, policy, culture, infrastructure and landscape with specific towns and villages as cases. On the other hand, researches pay attention to the impact of tourism urbanization on different aspects of social industry, urban and rural structure, land use, culture protection and ecological environment. The difference is that the foreign studies of tourism urbanization have paid more attention to mature tourism destinations, neglecting those in developing countries that are experiencing rapid urbanization process. With the development of tourism urbanization, the domestic studies of tourism urbanization show obvious periodical characteristics, that is the studies experienced phrases from analyzing the revival of tourism towns to exploring development modes of rural tourism in the suburbs, then to studying development modes of tourism towns around scenic areas during with consistent attention has been addressed on the tourism villages and towns emerged from poverty alleviation program. Current studies are mainly empirical case study, rather than adopting a national perspective. Moreover, directive and distinctive development modes of tourism villages and towns are rarely put forward based on their own conditions. The objects of this study are 553 tourism towns and villages with characteristic landscape published by the Department of Housing Construction. The distribution features and mechanism have been explored. The result shows that the overall spatial distribution of tourism towns and villages with characteristic landscape is unbalanced, showing a ＂multi-center aggregation＂ pattern, that is tourism towns and villages aggregate more in eastem and central regions but with less a mount compared with those in western regions; and there exist significant differences on provincial space distribution. It is found that the distribution is closely linked to the market, scenic spots, transportation and population. Based on typical cases, the paper puts forward four kinds of tourism development models, which are market-driven, attraction-driven, traffic-driven and population-driven tourism development modes based on resources endowment, geological location, economic level of the tourism towns and villages with characteristic landscape. These modes shed lights on other tourism towns and villages about how to develop characteristic tourism towns and villages, and are beneficial to promote the development of new urbanization by optimizing the pattern of tourism towns and villages. The limitations of this paper lay on the following aspects： firstly, this paper does not consider the factors such as terrain, climate, proportion and culture which are worthy of further discussion; secondly, this paper analyzes the development modes of tourism towns and villages with characteristic landscape only from the perspective of spatial distribution. Future research can focus on the development modes of tourism towns and villages from the perspective of sociology; thirdly, this paper does not separate towns and villages and future researches can explore the differences of the development models of towns and villages and the intemal mechanism.