基于全生命周期评价方法的太阳能热发电环境效益分析——以内蒙古某槽式太阳能热发电站为例

Environmental benefit analysis of solar thermal power generation based on the whole life cycle evaluation method:taking trough solar thermal power station in Inner Mongolia for an example

应用全生命周期评价方法,文章以内蒙古某50 MW槽式太阳能热发电站为案例,从设备材料的生产制造、运输、电站运行维护和电站报废处置等4个过程进行了分析,分别计算出各个过程中的能耗及其对环境的影响并与燃煤发电进行了比较,结果表明太阳能热力电站每发1 MWh电即可节省0.386吨标煤,能耗仅相当于煤电能耗的3.57%,全球变暖影响潜力为煤电的1.77%,酸化影响潜力为煤电的0.78%,粉尘为煤电的4.43%。在全生命周期内,累计节省燃煤92.79万吨标煤,减少CO_2排放233.85万吨,减少SO_2排放1.91万吨,减少氮氧化物排放1.19万吨,减少CO排放264.39吨,减少粉尘排放4.64万吨。该结果论证了太阳能热发电在北方地区具有显著的节能和环境效益。

By using the whole life cycle evaluation method, the article takes a 50 MW trough solar thermal power station in Inner Mongolia as a case and analyzes 4 processes such as manufacturing, transportation, operation and maintenance of power station as well as scrap disposition of power station. The energy consumption in each process and its influence on the environment have been calculated separately and compared with the coal-fired power generation. The result shows that the solar power plant can save 0.386 tons of coal per 1 MWh electricity, which is equivalent to 3.57% of coal energy consumption, global variable warm effect potential （GWP） for coal electric is 1.77%, acidification potential for coal electric is 0.78% and dust for coal electric is 4.43%. Throughout the life cycle, the cumulative savings of burning coal 927 900 tons of standard can reduce C02 emissions of 2.3385 million tons, SOs emissions of 19 100 tons, nitrogen oxides emissions of 11 900 tons, carbon monoxide emissions of 264.39 tons and dust emissions of 46 400 tons. The result proves that the solar thermal power generation has remarkable energy saving and environmental benefit in the north area.