我国使用进口传统药物(药材)的历史(春秋至明清)和品种概况

Exploration on an overview of history (from Chunqiu to Ming and Qing Dynasties) and species of Chinese exotic traditional medicine

该文对春秋战国至明清时期传统医药学的兴起和药物(药材)品种的交流、贸易进行有关文献的整理和分析,旨在初步探讨我国各主要时期(春秋至明清)使用传统进口(药材)的品种和国间交流、贸易概况,以及2 000多年来进口药材的总数(去掉重复和存疑品种);找出进口药材的特点;筛选出可供开发"丝绸之路"和尽快能制订质量标准的品种。得到了如下结果:1秦汉时期为发展初期;宋金元时期是发展鼎盛期;明清时期是发展衰退期;2文献记载历代进口药物(药材)品种最多的时期是宋代,达300余种。去掉重复和存疑品种后,该文认为有依据可信的应在230~250余种,还有40余种不知为何物,或是异名,或是加工品,暂称"存疑品种";3药用部分不同于汉族所用中药,以树脂类、果实种子类最多,根和根茎类较少,矿物药比动物药多;4进口药材的产地主要集中在历史上与丝绸之路有关的国家和地域。最终,该文初步弄清了我国不同历史时期进口药物(药材)的基本情况,为今后相关学术研究及产业发展的决策提供了一定的参考依据。

This paper collected and analyzed literatures about starting of traditional medicine and trading of different medicine from Chunqiu Zhanguo to Ming and Qing Dynasties,in order to preliminarily explore on an overview of specie of chinese exotic traditional medicine and trade of different country in different dynasty（ from Chunqiu to Ming and Qing Dynasties）,as well as the amount of exotic medicine over two thousand years.（ remove repeating and doubtful species）,find peculiarity of exotic medicine,sreen species that used to develop the Silk Route and establish quality standards. Finally,We get conclusions are as follows. First,primary,. prosperous and declining stages of development of exotic traditional medicine are Qin and Han,Song-Jin-Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,respectively. Second,according to literature,the stage that has the most species of exotic medicine is song dynasty,approximately have 300.Removing repeating and doubtful species,the believable species are approximate 230 to 250. Meanwhile,the unknown species are approximate 30,which may be different name of one medicine or processed goods,now these medicines are named as ＂ doubtful species＂. Third,the medicinal parts of exotic medicine are different from Chinese medicine of Han nation. The number of Resin,fruits and seeds kind are more than root and rhizomes kind,mineral medicines are more than animal. Fourth,the major producing area of exotic medicine is some countries and territories related to the Silk Route in the history. Ultimately,this paper preliminarily figure out basic information of exotic medicine of different dynasty in China,that provide reference for learning study and decision of industrial development.