资源错配、要素市场总扭曲及福利损失测算——基于单位要素成本的生产率分解视角

MISALLOCATION,AGGREGATE DISTORTION AND WELFARE LOSS——A Perspective of TFP Decomposition Based on Unit Factor Cost

通过引入单位要素成本指标,本文对佩特兰和勒文叟汉(Petrin and Levinsohn)的生产率分解模型进行了拓展,[1]得到了一个更为准确的资源重置效应。利用2000—2007年中国规模以上制造业企业数据,经过测算显示,技术进步和要素市场总扭曲是生产率增长的主要来源;样本期间资源重置对生产率增长的平均贡献仅有3.24%,且日渐式微。然而资源错配造成的福利损失却依旧占制造业增加值的近26.63%。这表明,在现有体制下通过市场自发调节促进要素合理配置的空间已经耗尽,经济结构呈现出一定的"固化"倾向,进一步的资源重置应来自对现有经济结构的改革,以缓解资源错配。本文最后通过测算各地区的资源重置潜力,为区域结构优化提供了一个量化参考。

We extend productivity decomposition model of Petrin et al by introducing unit factor cost, and obtain a more accurate reallocation effect. Empirical results calculated with China＇s above-scale indus- trial firm data （2000-2007） suggest that, during the sample period, technical effect and aggregate dis tortion explain most of aggregate productivity growth, while reallocation effect only contributes 3.24% and comes to near zero. However, welfare loss from misallocation accounts for about 26.63% of manufac- turing value added. These evidences indicate that it＇s next to impossible to improve allocation depends only on market mechanism under existing system, and the economic structure seems to be unchangeable. Further reallocation should come from the reform of existing economic structure, which helps alleviate misallocation. Finally, we compute the potential of reallocation in each region, and thus provide a quantitative reference for the optimization of regional structure.