外资税收政策对技术创新、引资质量的影响研究

Research on the Influence of Foreign Tax Policy on Technology Innovation and FDI Quality

从行业层面测算外资企业实际有效增值税率,发现我国对外资企业实施了大幅度增值税税率优惠政策且呈现出两个明显特征:税率上具有显著的行业差异性、规则上呈现相机抉择的特征。进一步,基于日本对华制造业FDI面板数据的实证研究显示:低技术含量行业FDI具有更高的税率弹性,说明其对税收优惠政策变化的敏感度更高,对相机抉择性政策依赖度更大;高技术含量行业FDI与税率变动之间无相关性,说明此类FDI对税收优惠政策变化的敏感度较低,对相机抉择性政策依赖度较小。据此提出单一规则型税收政策将引致我国新增FDI质量提高,促进存量FDI技术创新度提升,进而增加其创新绩效以及技术溢出水平。

The incentive effect of tax rate on FDI ＂quantity＂ has been studied for a long time. However, the theoretical and empirical research has not paid particular attention to the tax rate sensitivity and the dependence on the discretionary tax policy of the heterogeneous FDI, which lead to the adjustment effects of the？ absorbing and the using efficiency of FDI. The effective value added tax （VAT） rate was calculated at the industry level, and the results show that China＇ s manufacturing industry FDI enjoy preferential VAT in practice, presenting two distinct features. One is that tax rates have significant industry differences; the other is that the rules show the characteristics of discretionary. The empirical results hased on Japan＇s manufacturing FDI panel data showed that the FDI with low-skilled shows higher tax rate elasticity, indicating higher sensitivity on preferential tax policies and more dependence on the discretionary policy; FDI with high-skilled has no correlation with the changing of tax policy, indicating lower sensitivity on the preferential tax policy and low dependence on the discretionary policy. At last, we put forward that the single rule tax policy will lead to the improvement of China＇s new FDI quality and promote the technological innovation of stock FDI, thus increase the innovation performance and the level of technology spillover.