淮河流域春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其水质评价

Phytoplankton community structure and the evaluation of water quality in spring,Huaihe River Basin

浮游植物是内陆水体生态系统的主要初级生产者,其群落结构能反映水体的水质状况.为了全面了解淮河流域内浮游植物群落结构及水质现状,于2013年5月在流域内设置217个样点采集浮游植物样品.共鉴定浮游植物244种(含变种和变型),隶属于8门104属,绿藻门和硅藻门的种类最丰富.浮游植物生物量为3.93 mg/L,在0.04~83.62 mg/L之间变动,生物量组成主要为甲藻门、硅藻门和隐藻门.浮游植物种类数和生物量在河流的中游较高,溪流以及下游入江入海河道较低.浮游植物优势种主要为隐藻门的啮蚀隐藻(Cryptomonas erosa)、尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta),硅藻门的梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana),甲藻门的角甲藻(Ceratium hirundinella),其相对生物量均大于5%.淮河流域浮游植物多样性指数较低,流域内多数样点处于中-重污染状态.

Phytoplankton is a key primary producer in inland water ecosystem because its community structure can indicate the wa- ter quality. To understand the phytoplankton community structure and the water quality state in Huaihe River Basin, 217 sites were set and the phytoplankton samples were collected in the basin in May 2013. The 244 taxa of phytoplankton （ species and variety species） belonging to 104 genera 8 phyla were identified, of which the most abundant phyla is Cblorophyta, followed by Bacillario- phyta. The average phytoplankton biomass was 3.93 mg/L, ranging from 0.04 to 83.62 mg/L, while Dinophyta, Bacillariophyta and Cryptophyta were major groups upon the biomass. The richness and biomass of phytoplankton was low in the small streams and the pathway to the sea, but high in the middle of the river. The main dominant species were Cryptomonas erosa, Chroomonas acuta, Cyclotella meneghiniana and Ceratium hirundinella, whose relative biomass were higher than 5%. The phytoplankton diversity index was low and most sites were in a medium-heavy pollution state.