跨境数据流动的全球治理:权力冲突与政策合作——以欧美数据跨境流动监管制度的演进为例

Conflict and Cooperation: Evolvement of Trans-Border Data Flows between US and EU

数字经济的全球扩张已经使得跨境数据流动成为常态,但不同国家间规制传统与制度环境的差异使得跨境数据流动的全球治理成为难题。不过即便如此,在各国不对其国内规制制度做出重大调整的前提下,政策共识与国际合作依然可能存在。《安全港协议》代表了欧美在承认制度差异前提下的政策共识,"9·11事件"后,美国国内政策的转折为当前冲突的爆发埋下了伏笔,《隐私盾协议》为新的国际合作打开了窗口。欧盟与美国跨境数据流动监管制度的演进历史,淋漓尽致地体现了跨境数据流动全球治理冲突与合作的反复与交替。

The global expansion of digital economy has already made trans-border data flow essential and critical, while the differences of regulation and institution environment between sovereign states result in divergence and conficts. However, the history of EU-US trans-border data fow governance protocol proved the possibility of policy consensus and international cooperation without unifying different domestic institution systems. ＂Safe Harbor＂ represented the initial policy consensus while ＂9·11＂ event indicated the transformation of US domestic regulations which resulted the current conficts. “Privacy Shield” opened new room for the fragile international cooperation.