陶瓷零件增材制造技术及在航空航天领域的潜在应用

Additive Manufacturing of Ceramic Components and Its Potential Application in Aerospace Field

陶瓷零件因其强度高、密度低、耐高温及耐腐蚀等特点在航空航天领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,陶瓷零件的传统制造方法存在周期长、成本高、依赖模具且难以制造复杂结构等问题,极大限制了陶瓷零件在航空航天领域的应用。增材制造技术是一种基于"离散-堆积"成型原理、由三维数据驱动直接制造零件的方法。与传统制造方法相比,增材制造技术具有设计自由度高、产品研发周期短、制造成本低等优势,可以无需模具快速制造复杂结构陶瓷零件。在简要阐述增材制造原理和特点的基础上,系统地分析了采用三维打印、激光选区烧结、激光选区熔化、熔融沉积造型、分层实体制造、光固化成型等技术制造陶瓷零件的研究现状及存在的问题。最后,对陶瓷零件增材制造技术在航空航天领域的潜在应用进行了分析与展望。

b Ceramic components are expected to be widely used in aerospace feld due to their excellent properties, including high strength, low density, high-temperature capability and corrosion resistance, etc. However, some defects existing in traditional manufacturing methods for preparing ceramic components, such as long preparation period, high cost, the dependence on molds and diffculty in manufacturing complex structures, have greatly limited the application of ceramic components in aerospace feld. Additive manufacturing （AM） technology, which is based on the forming principle of “discrete-accumulation”, is capable of direct fabricating components from three-dimensional data. Compared with the traditional manufacturing method, AM technology has the advantages of high design freedom, short product development cycle, low manufacturing cost and so on, which are in favor of quick preparation of complex structural ceramic components without molds. This review systematically introduces the research status and limitations of the commonly used AM meth-ods, such as three-dimensional printing （3DP）, selective laser sintering （SLS）, selective laser melting （SLM）, fused deposi-tion modeling （FDM）, laminated objected manufacturing （LOM） and stereo lithography apparatus （SLA）, for fabricating ceramic components on the basis of a brief description of their forming principle and characteristics. Finally, the potential application of AM technology for fabricating ceramic components in aerospace feld is analyzed and forecasted.