PBL和模块教学法在《环境微生物学》实验教学改革中的应用

Environmental Microbiology Experiment Teaching Reform Based on PBL and Modular Teaching Method

《环境微生物学》作为一门基础应用型课程,实验教学中既需要学生掌握基本的实验技能,也必须考虑如何锻炼学生的自主思考和学习能力.验证性实验教学是学生熟练掌握基本实验技能的必要过程,综合性实验有利于知识的系统性学习,自主设计性实验教学是激发学生自主学习能力、锻炼学生系统思维方式和提高教学效率的有效手段.本文首次在《环境微生物学》实验教学中同时引入PBL和模块教学法,将实验教学内容分成了微生物形态观察与比较(验证性实验)、微生物应用与监测(综合性实验)、资源微生物的开发与利用(设计性实验)3个不同教学层次的模块,每个模块设立核心问题,并建立了有效的"化整为零"教学模块实施方案及相应的考核体系.经过教学实施证明,本文提出的教学改革模式具有良好的可行性,能有效激发学生自主学习积极性,提高学生思考、分析和解决问题的能力.

Environmental microbiology is composed of theoretic and practical knowledge. During experi-ment teaching, both basic experimental techniques and the students＇ self-thinking and learning ability must be taken into consideration. Verification experiment is helpful for the students to master basic knowledge. Comprehensive experiment is beneficial for them to learn knowledge systematically. Self-designed experi-ment teaching is an effective way to stimulate students＇ independent learning ability, exercise students＇ systematic thinking mode and improve teaching efficiency. In this article, based on PBL （problem-based learning） and MES （Modular Education System） theories, we have reformed the verification and compre-hensive experiment teaching of environmental microbiology, added self-designed experiment. The experi-ments were divided into 3 modules, including the observation of different kinds of microbes （verification experiment）,the microbial application and surveillance （comprehensive experiment） and the isolation and utilization of microbial resources （self-designed experiment）. A problem was set for each module, and ev-ery module was divided into smaller units for the implementation of the reform. Different assessment sys-tems were formed according to the characteristics of different modules. The implementation of the reform proposed in this article showed that it is of good feasibility, raised students; interest and ability of inde-pendent study, and improved the students; ability to think, analyze and solve problems.