贝类废弃资源类乡村文化景观的生成机理与活态保护

The Formation Mechanism and Living Conservation of Rural Cultural Landscape with Wasted Shellfish Resources

泉州蟳埔村"蚵壳厝"与广州小洲村"蚝壳屋"是由牡蛎壳等贝类废弃资源砌筑而成、具有显著沿海地域特征的乡村文化景观,但两者在历史环境变迁中所生成的机理以及先民与自然环境之间关系的发生、发展和变化过程迥异,主要表现在形成背景、环境压力、经济价值、生态智慧、乡土风貌和遗存现况等六个方面。在乡村风貌曰趋同质化和贝类废弃资源利用效率低下的背景下,通过对贝类废弃资源类乡村文化景观所依附的风貌建筑修复和生态场景重塑,旨在使其实现活态传承,进一步发掘其在当代乡村设计中的景观价值。

The Kekecuo of Xunpu Village in Ouanzhou and oyster shuck houses of Xiaozhou Village in Guangzhou are rural cultural landscapes typical of coastal features, which are built with oyster shucks of wasted shellfish resources. Despite the similarities, they are different from the formation mechanism during historical environmental transition and the relationship of the origin, development and change between their ancestors and the natural environment. Such differences are mainly manifested in six aspects： formative background, environmental pressures, economic values, ecological wisdom, local features and current situation of the relics. With the increasing homogenization of rural culture and low utilization efficiency of shellfish wastes, this paper discusses the rural cultural landscape of wasted shellfish resources, which depends on repairing featured architecture and reshaping ecological scenes. It is aimed to realize the living inheritance of these two rural types and further explore the landscape value in contemporary rural design.