两种建筑教育传统的现代化

The Modernization of Two Types of Architectural Education

巴黎美术学院在不断的改革中形成了一套完整的现代建筑教育模式。他们依从《建筑十书》等经典文献,培养维特鲁威所设想的建筑师,以期有别于一般的行会建筑师。沃尔特·格罗皮乌斯以"Bauhaus"为新学校命名,是为了表达学校秉承"Bauh(u|¨)tten"的传统,让包豪斯的建筑教育回到中世纪的泥瓦匠行会。维特鲁威以来的建筑学属于人文学科,建筑师属于人文学者,而包豪斯的建筑教育将建筑学纳入工学系统,从此,建筑师又回到了中世纪。

Through constant reform, Ecole des Beaux-Arts gradually shaped a complete form of modern architectural education. It aimed to cultivate architects of Vitruvius＇ conception, who were different from the architects in the guilds, by the reference of classical documents such as De Arch/tectura. In order to bring the architectural education back to the mason guilds of the Middle Ages, Walter Gropius named the new academy ＂Bauhaus＂ following the tradition of ＂Bauhutten＂ . Architecture had been a part of humanities since Vitruvius, and the architects belonged to humanists. Yet, the architectural education of Bauhaus put architecture into the category of engineering, and architects now returned to the Middle Ages again.