生计资本对北疆搬迁定居牧民生活满意度的影响

Impact of livelihood capital on life satisfaction of relocation herdsmen in norther Xinjiang

自游牧民定居工程开展以来,定居牧民生活有了很大变化。以可持续生计分析框架为基础,利用北疆地区3个市(县)牧户生计调查所得到的459户样本数据,通过牧户类型划分,运用定序Logit方法分析牧户的生计资本对生活满意度的影响情况。研究发现,牧户的生计资本和生活满意度均存在区域差异和个体差异。福海县牧户生计资本指数最高,纯牧业牧户生计资本指数最高;塔城市牧户生活满意度最高,纯牧业户满意度高于兼业户和非牧业户。牧户生计资本对生活满意度影响显著,其中,物质资本、金融资本和社会资本的增加会提升牧户的生活满意度,自然资本和人力资本的增加会降低牧户的生活满意度。鉴于以上结果,本研究提出了丰富牧户生计资本的对策建议。

Since the free settlement project was carried out, the life of a herdsman has undergone major changes. We investigated 459 households in three counties located in northern Xinjiang, China. We analysed the impact of livelihood capital of herdsmen on their life satisfaction by using ordered logit method, on the basis of sustain- able livelihood framework and classification of herdsmen. The results show the following. First, regional spatial differences and type heterogeneity exist in household livelihood capital and life satisfaction. Second, the house- hold livelihood capital index was the highest in Fuhai County among pure pastoral herders; the life satisfaction of herdsmen was the highest in Tacheng City, and purely pastoral household satisfaction was higher than that for part-time herding and non-herding households. Third, the household livelihood capital had a significant im- pact on life satisfaction. Among them, increases in physical capital, financial capital, and social capital were found to increase the life satisfaction of herdsmen, and increases in natural capital and human capital were found to decrease the life satisfaction of herdsmen. Finally, this study provides relevant policy proposals to in- crease the livelihood capital of herdsmen.