协商民主有效性的三维标准及其提升路径

On three dimensions for effectiveness of deliberative democracy and its improving path

作为中国特色社会主义民主政治建设的重要内容,协商民主在推进我国政治文明过程中发挥着日益重要的作用。实践证明,提高协商民主有效性是推进协商民主不断发展的核心动力。协商民主的有效性主要包括协商程序的有效性、协商结果的有效性以及协商主体的有效性三个维度的标准。我国当前的协商民主实践普遍面临着有效性严重不足的发展困境。提高协商民主的有效性,实现有效协商,是发展协商民主的关键所在。具体而言,应从三个方面着力:一是规范协商的主体、内容和程序,加强协商民主的制度化建设;二是逐步推进协商民主形式优化升级,提高协商过程对决策结果的影响力;三是逐步转变政府的传统观念,提高社会公众的协商能力。

As an important part of the construction of socialist democracy with Chinese characteristics, deliber- ative democracy plays an increasingly important role in the process of promoting political civilization in our country. It has proved that improving the effectiveness of deliberative democracy is the core power to promote deliberative de- mocracy. The effectiveness of the deliberative democracy mainly includes three dimensions： the effectiveness of the consultation procedure, the validity of the outcome and the validity of subject participation. The deliberative democ- racy practice in our country is faced with the dilemma of the serious shortage of effectiveness nowadays. How to im- prove the effectiveness of deliberative democracy is the key to developing deliberative democracy. Specifically, the first thing is to optimize and upgrade deliberative democracy gradually, and to improve the consultation procedure＇ s influence on decision results; The second is to clean up the consensus subject, negotiation contents and proce- dures, and to strengthen the construction of democratic consultation system; The third is to transform traditional concept of government, and to improve the public＇ s ability to negotiate.