贫困的新趋势:消费性贫困——以鄂东打工村庄的消费竞争状况为例

New Trend of Poverty:Consumption Poverty——Based on Consumption Competition of Rural Consumption in Eastern Hubei Province

精准扶贫的前提是明确农民贫困的真实原因。过度的仪式性消费支出成为影响农民家庭贫困的新因素,体现在生存消费的品牌化、婚丧仪式浪费的刚性化、炫耀性消费的竞争化。不理性的消费竞争扭曲了家庭的消费结构,导致家庭积累不足、代际支持缺乏,造成家庭再生产的低度循环和内在冲突,发展潜力有限,"消费性贫困"生成。消费性贫困是消费行为的城乡联动机制和村庄经济文化状况叠加作用的产物。城镇消费行为对农村的示范效应,改变了农民的审美趣味,抬高了农户生活标准的绝对成本,村庄内部的支出竞争无序化提高了农户生活标准的相对成本。因此,扶贫不仅要在增收上做文章,还要在减支上花工夫。改变扶贫思路,倡导文化扶贫,促进消费脱贫,实现扶贫的精准性。

The premise of precise poverty alleviation is to know the real reasons of farmers’poverty.Excessive ritual consumption spending has become the new factor influencing the poverty of farmers’household,which is reflected in branding of survival consumption,rigidization of wedding and funeral ceremony waste and competitiveness of conspicuous consumption.Unreasonable consumption competition distorts the consumption structure of family,which causes insufficient family accumulation,inadequate intergenerational support,low cycle of family reproduction and interior conflict,limited development potential and consumption poverty.Consumption poverty is the result of consumption of urban and rural integration and economic and cultural conditions in the village.The demonstration effect of urban consumption behavior on rural areas has changed the aesthetic taste of farmers and improved the absolute cost of farmer’s living standard,while spending competition disorder inside the villages increases the relative cost of farmer’s living standard.Therefore,poverty alleviation should focus not only on income increase,but also on spending reduction.It is necessary to change the poverty alleviation thoughts,advocate cultural poverty alleviation,promote the liberation of people from poverty through consumption so as to realize the precisenss of poverty alleviation.