打车软件服务的政府管制失灵研究

A Study on the Goverment's Failure in Taxi-hailing Apps Service Regulation

打车软件服务是运用"互联网+"思维解决人们出行问题,由市场自发产生。打车软件服务政府管制的目标是维护公共利益,增加社会福利。四年多的政府管制实践表明,该目标并未达到,甚至产生了非意图的结果,即管制失灵。基于公共管理者立场,从新制度经济学中交易成本理论视角,分析政府管制失灵的原因,指出由管制所致的较高交易成本会抵消管制措施给社会福利带来的好处。通过优化制度安排,界定打车软件服务的政府管制范围,充分发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用并更好地发挥政府作用,是降低交易成本、避免政府管制失灵的较好举措。

Taxi-hailing app services are created spontaneously by the market to solve everyday travel issues using ＂Internet Plus＂ thinking. The purpose of government regulation on taxi-hailing app services is to maintain public interest and increase social welfare. 4 years of government regulation in practice indicates that this objective has not been reached, even going so far as backfiring and producing unintended results,that is to say, regulation failure. Based on the standpoint of public management, this study analyzes the government＇s unsuccessful regulations from the perspective of new institutional economics＇ transaction costs theory, and point out that the high transaction cost cancels out their social welfare benefits. Optimizing institutional arrangements, defining the extent of government regulations on taxi-hailing app services, exerting the crucial roles of the market in resources allocation, are good countermeasures to lower transaction costs and prevent regulation failures.