“以志统情”与“以情慰志”——试论《文心雕龙》与《诗品》的“情”“志”关系及其意义

Relationships between “Emotion” and “Aspiration” in Wen Xin Diao Long(文心雕龙) and Shi Pin(诗品) and Its Significance

《文心雕龙》《诗品》作为魏晋南北朝时期的文论"双璧",刘勰与钟嵘的"情""志"观存在着明显的共性:重"情"兼重"志"。但在"情"与"志"的内涵上又有所区别:刘勰的"志"更具有浓厚的儒家传统诗教色彩,钟嵘的"情"更尊重生命的本性。由此,在"情"与"志"的关系处理上,呈现出"以志统情"与"以情慰志"的两种方式:刘勰将"志"作为诗的灵魂,是统一"情"的向度;钟嵘将"情"置于本原,是慰藉"志"的途径。两者的诗学观从不同角度彰显出抒情艺术在理论高度与文学批评上的自觉与发展,推动了中国抒情诗学的进程。

As the writers of Wen Xin Diao Long（文心雕龙） and Shi Pin（诗品） in the period of Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties,Liu Xie and Zhong Rong held similar views on ＂emotion＂and ＂aspiration＂.Though they attached balanced importance to ＂emotion＂and ＂aspiration＂,their opinions were different in the connotation of ＂emotion＂and ＂aspiration＂,while Liu Xie＇s opinion of ＂ambition＂embodied obvious feature of traditional poetic education of Confucian and Zhong Rong＇s opinion of ＂emotion＂paid more attention to respecting the nature of lives. As a result,Liu Xie regarded ＂aspiration＂as the soul of poetry which governed ＂emotion＂and Zhong Rong regarded ＂emotion＂as the essence of poetry which made ＂aspiration＂to be relieved. These two forms of poetic view collectively embody the awareness and development of lyrical art in literature theory and literary criticism,which promote the process of Chinese lyric poetics.