因果报应观念向中国古代小说的渗透与深化

Infiltration and Deepening of Karma Idea in Ancient Chinese Fictions

因果报应观念在小说形成独立文体之前就已经存在于中国人的道德观念中,并为儒道佛三家所共同张扬。无论是在中国人的心理层面还是在小说的叙述层面,因果报应观念强大的渗透力和影响力都是毋庸置疑的。魏晋时期,因果报应观念向中国古代小说的叙事内容不断渗透,在推动情节发展、塑造人物形象、建构叙事结构等方面推动了中国古代小说的发展与成熟。隋唐以来,因果报应观念不断深化,通过不同叙述视角的分裂与转移,在小说叙述话语方面取得了有效的突破。宋元之后,因果报应观念继续在小说叙述动作中不断深化,并努力尝试打破自身原有的封闭自足的结构体系,以实现作者、作品、读者的有机连接。

The idea of karma had been existed in the moral values of the Chinese before the friction became an independent literary form and had been publicized by Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism. The powerful pervasion and influence of the idea of karma in both the psychology of the Chinese people and the narration of ancient frictions are undisputed. During the Wei and Jin Dynasties,karma idea constantly infiltrated into the narrative content of ancient Chinese fictions and promoted the development and maturity of the fictions in plots,characters and structures. In the Sui and Tang Dynasties,the idea of karma made breakthrough in the narrative discourse of frictions through the fission and metastasis of the narrative perspectives. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the idea of karma was deepened in the narrative action and made great efforts to break its closed and self-sufficient structure so as organically connect the author,works and readers.