中俄茄子种质资源遗传多样性研究

Genetic Diversity among Chinese and Russian Eggplant(Solanum melongena) Germplasm Resources

利用25对SSR分子标记和24个表型性状对105份中俄茄子材料进行遗传多样性分析。表型变异分析结果表明:24个表型性状在中俄材料间均表现出了不同程度的多样性,但是同一性状在中俄材料中多样性不同;主成分分析可将24个表型性状概括为果形因子、颜色因子、果实外观因子、叶片形态因子、果萼刺和花药条纹6个指标,其中果实特征占主要成分;利用UPGMA法进行聚类,遗传相似系数在0.4~0.8之间,平均值0.6。25对多态性SSR标记,扩增出122个条带,含有等位基因82个,其中有效等位数24.8个,PIC值为0.3~0.7。分子聚类的遗传相似系数在0.5~1之间,平均值是0.7。表型聚类和分子标记聚类的结果相似,105份茄子种质资源间的类群划分与地理来源之间没有直接关系,但与茄子的果实性状有一定的相关性。

105 accessions of eggplant germplasm from China and Russia were evaluated for genetic diversity using 24 morphological traits and 25 SSR markers. Morphological variation analysis showed that 24 traits showed various de- grees of diversity in all the germplasm resources, and the same trait differentiated between Russian and Chinese germ- plasm. Principal component analysis showed that 24 traits can be summarized as 6 factors, including fruit shape fac- tor, color factor, fruit appearance factor, leave shape factor, fruit calyx spines and anther stripes, and fruit character- istics accounted for the major component. Morphological traits UPGMA clustering analysis showed that the genetic similarity coefficient among those materials ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 with the mean value as 0.6. Twenty-five poly- morphic SSR markers showed polymorphisms among the tested germplasm resources. A total of 122 bands were am- plified using the 25 markers in 105 accessions, containing 82 alleles, among which 24.8 were effective alleles. The polymorphism information content （PIC） value ranged from 0.3 to 0.7. Molecular UPGMA clustering analysis showed that genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.5 to 1 with the mean value of 0.7. The clustering results ob- tained from morphological traits and SSR maker were similar. The clustering results of tested eggplant germplasm did not showed clear correlation to their geographic origin, but the fruit traits had some relation to clustering results.