薏苡种子形态性状多样性评价

Evaluation of Seed Morphological Characteristics Diversity of Job's tears(Coix lacryma-jobi) Germplasm

薏苡是优质的药食兼用作物。本研究对我国36份薏苡种质的种子形态性状进行了主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明,36份薏苡种质具有较高的形态性状多样性。不同薏苡种质的4个种子质量性状间存在差异。单因素方差分析显示11个种子数量性状在不同薏苡种质间呈极显著差异。数量性状的变异系数在8.43%~68.01%之间,种壳与外种皮重量的变异系数最大而种仁长度的变异系数最小。主成分分析将36份薏苡种质分为中部及南部栽培种质、北部栽培种质和野生种质3大类,3类种质的形态特征存在明显差异。聚类分析将36份薏苡种质分为5大类群,即中部及南部栽培种质、北部栽培种质和3个类群野生种质。初步筛选出6份可能具有较高抗肿瘤活性的薏苡种质FJNJ、TJ-BK-1、TJ-BK-2、MY-BK-1、MY-BK-2和JYSD。

Job＇s tears （ Coix lacryma-jobi L. ）is a superior crop used as food and herbal medicine. For the better utilization and conservation of Chinese Job＇s tears germplasm, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were used to analyze the 15 seed morphological characteristics of 36 Job＇s tears accessions. The results indicated that the 36 Job＇s tears accessions possess high morphological characteristics diversities. Variations were observed for the 4 qualitative seed morphological characteristics. One-way ANOVA showed very significant differences among ac- cessions for the 11 quantitative seed morphological characteristics. Coefficient of variation ranged from 8.43% to 68. 01% with the maximum value recorded for weight of the hull and the testa, and the minimum value recorded for seed length. Principal component analysis（PCA） divided the 36 Job＇s tears accessions into 3 groups,which corre- sponded to the central and south, north, and wild groups, respectively. The morphological characteristics of the 3 groups were significantly different. Cluster analysis divided the 36 Job＇s tears accessions into 5 clusters, i. e. the cen- tral and south cluster, the north cluster and 3 wild clusters. Six Job＇s tears accessions FJNJ, TJ-BK-1, TJ-BK-2, MY- BK-1, MY-BK-2 and JYSD were preliminary selected as accessions with high anticancer activity.