红白花斑种皮高油酸花生种质材料的创制

Creation of High Oleic Acid Peanut Germplasm Materials with Red and White Variegated Seed Coat

本研究利用粉色种皮高油酸花生G63与紫白花斑种皮普通油酸花生VG-01配置杂交组合。利用等位基因特异性扩增(AS-PCR,allele-specific PCR)鉴定出16个F_1真杂种。在F_2中筛选到_ol1_ol_2单株,并对64个F_2:3家系间的种皮色泽分离进行χ~2检测。结果表明,纯色花生∶花斑花生在0.05水平上符合9∶7,花生种皮花斑性状由2对互补基因控制,当2对基因同时处于显性时,种皮表现为纯色;当2对基因至少有1对为隐性纯合时,种皮表现为花斑。利用AS-PCR技术对334株花斑种皮F_3单株进行基因型鉴定,筛选到29株ol_1ol_1ol_2ol_2基因型的单株。利用气相色谱测定结果表明,F4种子油酸GC值介于70.77%~82.87%,油酸/亚油酸介于8.15~26.30。F4群体植株主茎高12.4~87.3 cm,平均57.2 cm,较对照冀花2号增高34.97%;第1对侧枝长91.6~196.3 cm,平均134.1 cm,较对照冀花2号增长34.28%。F5新种质的单株果重、单株果数、单株仁重、单株仁数分别为(27.16±9.51)g、(22.11±10.26)个、(20.10±7.17)g和(31.94±15.16)个。新种质9-7、14-2、14-3、17-3和17-7均为红白花斑种皮,在单株果重方面较对照冀花2号增加230.02%、165.80%、210.66%、200.65%和160.26%,在单株果数方面增加280.00%、340.00%、450.00%、210.00%和150.00%,其油酸GC值分别为80.54%、81.75%、80.63%、81.3%和81.56%。该批种质材料不仅油酸含量高,而且具有医疗保健价值,对丰富我国高油酸花生遗传多样性具有重要的现实意义。

The hybridization composition, which parents was high oleic acid line C,63 with pink seed coat and normal oleic acid line VG-01 with purple and white variegated seed coat,was used in this study. 16 true Fl hybrids were identified by allele-specific PCR（AS-PCR） methods. The genotype _oll_ol2individuals were screened in F2 popu- lation and the seed coat color segregation in 64 F2,3 family lines was checked by Chi-square test. The results showed that the solid-color peanut： variegated color peanut was 9：7 at 0.05 level. The variegated seed coat was controlled by two pairs of complementary genes. When the two pairs of genes were dominant, the seed coat showed solid color. At least one pair of genes for recessive homologous,the seed coat showed variegated color. The genotypes of 334 F3 plants with variegated seed coat were identified by AS-PCR, and 29 plants of oll ol1 ol2ol2 genotypes were selected. The results of gas chromatography showed that GC value of F4seed ranged from 70.77% to 82.87% ,and oleic acid / linoleic（O/L） ranged from 8.15 to 26.30. The main stem of F4 population was 12.4 -87.3 cm,with an average of 57.2 cm,which was 34.97% higher than that of the control Jihua 2. The first pair of lateral branches was 91.6 - 196.3 cm,with an average of 134.1 cm,which was 34.28% higher than that of the control. Pod weight per plant,pod number per plant, kernel weight per plant and kernel number per plant were（27.16 ± 9.51 ）g, （22.11 ± 10.26 ）, （20.10 ±7.17 ）g and （ 31.94 ±15.16 ）, respectively. The new germplasm lines （ 9 - 7,14 - 2,14 - 3,17- 3 and 17- 7 ） were all red and white var- iegated seed coat. Compared with the control, pod weight per plant was increased 230.02%, 165.80%, 210.66%, 200.65% and 160.26% ,respectively and pod number per plant was increased 280.00% ,340.00% ,450.00% ,210. 00% and 150.00% ,respectively. The oleic acid GC value was 80.54% ,81.75% ,80.63% ,81.30% and 81.56% ,re- spectively. The new germplasm materials not only have high oleic acid content, but also have great health care value, which have great practical significance to enrich the genetic diversity of high oleic peanut in China.