语用经济与语用优选:以方向推理为例

Pragmatic Economy and Optimality:The Case of Directional Inferences

不同类型信息包含的方向特征之间出现冲突时,听话人期待其认知环境改善最少,以达到语用经济。要获取话语意义,就要使方向冲突最小化,以实现优选解读。但这可能会使特例增多。依据语用经济和语用优选原则,语言编码的程序信息隐含还是明示取决于能否从概念信息中进行正确的方向推理。方向模式要能在含有两个以上句子的语篇中进行方向推理。方向特征的演算还必须考虑到语言的真值-功能层面。

In case of the conflicts between directional features borne by different types of information,the hearer is expecting a contribution that will minimize the change of his cognitive enviromnent to achieve prag- matic economy. To obtain the intended meaning ,we should realize optimal interpretations by minimizing di- rectional conflicts. But this probably will be increasing degrees of oddity. According to the principles of prag- matic economy and optimality, the implication and explication of procedural information encoded linguistically rely on whether the right directional inferences can be inferred from conceptual information or not. The direc- tional model should be general enough to capture directional inferences in discourses with more than two sen- tences. The computations of directional features must take into account the truth-functional level.