“人性互动”:高等教育自由原则的理论依据——基于《论国家的作用》中人性思想的审思

Human Interaction as the Foundation of Academic Freedom:A Re-examination of “The Sphere and Duties of Government” by Wilhelm von Humboldt

洪堡在《论国家的作用》系统阐释了他对人性的理解。在洪堡的人性思想中,不同人性之间的相互作用是培养"完人"的基本方法或路径;拓展人性之间的相互作用,是高等教育自由原则的实践表现和依据。基于洪堡的人性思想,高等教育自由原则对高等学校"学与教的自由"提出了具体要求;高等学校在人才培养过程中,应当重视不同学生个体之间的自由作用和相互影响,丰富和创新学生个体之间相互作用和影响的方法或路径;高等教育自由原则的实现目的,是追求学生的自由与发展,实现依据是高等学校人才培养的内在需要。

In his book'The Sphere and Duties of Government'( 1854),Wilhelm von Humboldt( 1767-1835) explained his views onhuman nature. In his opinion,interaction among different human beings is an essential means to nurture the whole person. Similarly,human interaction is also the foundation of academic freedom in higher education. According to Humboldt,academic freedom refers to not only the freedom to teach,but also the freedom to learn. Therefore,higher education institutions need to facilitate and promote the interaction among students so as to fulfill the primary goal of higher education,namely,cultivating free-spirited and well-rounded persons.