脊尾白虾全人工繁育技术初步研究

Controlled Propagation of Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda

脊尾白虾是我国沿海地区池塘养殖重要品种,但目前尚未实现全人工繁育,严重制约了产业进一步发展。选取野生脊尾白虾作为亲虾,经过越冬培育、促熟交尾、幼体孵化培育、仔虾选育等手段,进行了脊尾白虾全人工繁育技术研究。试验结果显示,在盐度31.3、水温18.1~26.2℃、pH 8.1条件下,室内越冬脊尾白虾亲虾可成功培养至性腺成熟,并交尾抱卵,平均抱卵率达70%,平均孵化率为61.02%。幼体最佳培育密度20尾/L,仔虾适宜养殖密度0.13~0.53尾/L,培育至2cm时存活率可达80%,继续培育3个月后发育至性成熟。一年可繁殖2~3代。在此基础上建立了脊尾白虾近交家系,现已培育至第6代,各家系繁殖力、生长速度和存活率均未出现近交衰退现象。本研究初步解决了脊尾白虾室内全人工繁育技术,并为试验动物培育奠定了良好的技术基础。

The aim of the present experiment is to provide the artificial breeding technology of ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda, using comprehensive measures such as overwinter culture, pro- motion of gonadal maturation, larval cultivation, and rearing of post-larvae. The results showed that the ridgetail white prawn were cultivated to be eggs-carrying broodstock at water temperature of 18. 1- 26.2 ℃, a salinity of 31. 3 and pH 8. 1, and induced to mate and spawn, with average success rate of 70%, and average hatching rate of 61.02%. The larvae were suitablly developed at density of 20 individu- al/L, and the post-larvae had suitable density of 0.13-0.53 individual/L, with the survival rate of 80% in the juveniles. The juveniles were cultivated for 80 days when the ovaries were mature. The artificial breed- ing technology of ridgetail white prawn was first succeeded, breeding 2-3 generations each year. Based on the artificial breeding technology, the 6 generations of ridgetail white prawn were bred, without significant recession of fecundity, growth rate and survival rate in the inbreeding families of ridgetail white prawn. The findings provide a basis for cultivating of ridgetail white prawn as a laboratory animal.