北欧海溢流的水文特征和变化机理综述

An Overview of Hydrological Characteristics and Changing Mechanism of Modern Nordic Seas Overflows

北欧海是连接北冰洋和大西洋的纽带,在全球气候系统中具有特殊重要地位。北欧海通过格陵兰—苏格兰海脊溢流的高密度水,是北大西洋深层水的重要来源,在全球大洋输送带中具有关键性作用。通过评述国内外关于现代北欧海溢流的研究成果,介绍了北欧海3个主要溢流通道即法罗海台水道(FBC)、冰岛—法罗群岛海脊(IFR)、丹麦海峡(DS)上溢流水体性质、流量的基本特征和多尺度变化特征,剖析了各通道上溢流水体的来源及影响溢流变化的可能因素和物理过程,并着重阐述了法罗群岛—设德兰岛水道上溢流的强混合特征。基于这些认识,分析了北欧海总溢流的变化特征及各通道溢流之间的关系,给出北欧海溢流的整体结构。介绍了正压和斜压效应在溢流过程发挥的作用,将溢流各种尺度的变化与大气过程建立了联系。由于溢流过程非常复杂,与北欧海内部的对流和混合过程密切相关,很多问题尚不清楚,需要更多的观测与研究。

As a connection region between Arctic and North Atlantic oceans, the Nordic seas play a critical role in global climate system. The density waters overflow through Greenland-Scotland Ridge from the Nordic seas, as the main source of the North Atlantic Deep Water （NADW）, which plays a key role in global ocean conveyor. The causes and processes, which give some instruction of the overflow variation are still uncertain. Based on a review of current and historical research results of modern Nordic seas overflows, hydrological and flux characteristics and variation features of overflows through three channels, which are FaroeiShetland Channel, Iceland-Faroe Ridge and Denmark Strait, from Nordic sea were addressed separately. The origins of overflows water and factors and physical processes that may have impact on the three overflows were also analyzed separately. Intense mixing in overflow through Faroe-Shetland Channel was discussed. At last, the changing mechanism of the whole overflow from Nordic seas and relationships among overflows through different channels were summed up. The aim of this paper is to give some instructions and research directions to the internal readers.