青少年的乐观与创伤后成长的关系：希望与反刍的中介作用

The Roles of Hope and Rumination in the Relationship between Optimism and Posttraumatic Growth among Adolescents after Ya'an Earthquake

采用创伤暴露程度问卷、乐观问卷、希望问卷、反刍问卷和创伤后成长问卷,以雅安地震2.5年后的416名中学生为被试,考察其乐观、希望、反刍与创伤后成长(PTG)之间的关系。结果发现,在控制创伤暴露程度后,雅安地震2.5年后青少年的乐观可以直接正向预测PTG,也可以经过希望来间接地正向预测PTG,还可以通过希望经主动反刍的多重中介来正向预测PTG;甚至乐观还可以通过侵入性反刍经主动反刍间接地负向预测PTG,但预测作用远小于乐观对PTG的促进作用;乐观通过希望不能经侵入性反刍对PTG发挥显著的直接和间接预测作用,且乐观还不能直接通过主动反刍促进PTG。

To examine the mediating roles of hope and rumination in the relationship between optimism and PTG, 416 adolescents were assessed by adopting traumatic exposure questionnaire, optimism questionnaire, hope ques-tionnaire, rumination hope questionnaire, and posttraumatic growth at two and a half years after Ya＇ an earthquake. The mediating roles would be assessed by using structural equation model, wherein the traumatic exposure would be controlled because its importance. The results found that after controlled traumatic exposure, optimism has a directly and positive effect on PTG. Additionally, optimism have indirect and positive effect on PTG by hope, also indi- rectly and positively predict PTG by a multiple mediating path that from hope to deliberate rumination. Moreover, optimism can have negative and indirect effect on PTG by decreasing intrusive rumination, and lead to less deliber- ate rumination, and in turn lead less PTG. Taking these results together, optimism still play positive promoting role in PTG. Nevertheless, there are some non-significant paths from optimism to PTG, for example, optimism have non-significantly indirect effect on PTG by intrusive rumination, by hope via intrusive rumination to deliberate rumi- nation, and by deliberate rumination. Implications for clinical practice and research were then discussed along with study limitations.